Chitsogozo Chokwanira cha Mapangidwe a Zogona za PV-Storage System ndi Kusintha

Malo osungiramo photovoltaic (PV) -osungirako makamaka amakhala ndi ma modules a PV, mabatire osungira mphamvu, ma inverters osungira, zipangizo zamagetsi, ndi machitidwe oyang'anira. Cholinga chake ndi kukwaniritsa kudzidalira mphamvu, kuchepetsa mtengo wa mphamvu, kuchepetsa mpweya wa carbon, ndi kulimbitsa mphamvu zodalirika. Kukonza nyumba yosungirako PV ndi njira yokwanira yomwe imafuna kuganizira mozama zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti zitsimikizire kuti ntchito yabwino komanso yokhazikika.

I. Chidule cha Residential PV-Storage Systems

Musanayambe kukhazikitsa dongosolo, ndikofunikira kuyeza kukana kwa DC pakati pa PV array input terminal ndi pansi. Ngati kukana kuli kochepa kuposa U…/30mA (U… kuyimira mphamvu yayikulu yotulutsa ya PV array), njira zowonjezera kapena zotsekera ziyenera kuchitidwa.

Ntchito zoyambira zamakina osungira PV zogona ndi awa:

• Kudzidyerera: Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya solar kukwaniritsa zofuna zapakhomo.
• Kumeta nsonga ndi kudzaza zigwa: Kuyanjanitsa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mphamvu nthawi zosiyanasiyana kuti muchepetse mtengo wamagetsi.
• Kusunga mphamvu: Kupereka mphamvu zodalirika panthawi yozimitsa.
• Mphamvu zamagetsi zadzidzidzi: Kuthandizira zolemetsa zovuta panthawi yolephera kwa gridi.

Kukonzekera kumaphatikizapo kusanthula zosowa za mphamvu za ogwiritsa ntchito, kupanga PV ndi makina osungira, kusankha zigawo, kukonzekera mapulani oyika, ndi kufotokoza njira zogwirira ntchito ndi kukonza.

II. Kufufuza Zofuna ndi Kukonzekera

Kuwunika Kufuna Kwamagetsi

Kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane kufunika kwa mphamvu ndikofunikira, kuphatikiza:

• Lowetsani mbiri: Kuzindikira zofunikira zamagetsi pazida zosiyanasiyana.
• Kudya tsiku ndi tsiku: Kudziwa kuchuluka kwa magetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito masana ndi usiku.
• Mitengo yamagetsi: Kumvetsetsa ma tariff kuti muwongolere dongosolo pakuchepetsa mtengo.

Nkhani Yophunzira

• Mbiri Yawogwiritsa:
  • Katundu wonse wolumikizidwa: 8.2 kW
  • Katundu wovuta: 3.6 kW
  • Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu masana: 10 kWh
  • Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu usiku: 20 kWh
• Dongosolo Ladongosolo:
  • Ikani makina osakanizidwa a PV-storage okhala ndi zofuna za PV masana ndi kusunga mphamvu zochulukirapo m'mabatire kuti mugwiritse ntchito usiku. Gululi limakhala ngati gwero lamagetsi owonjezera pomwe PV ndi kusungirako sikukwanira.

• III. Kusintha Kwadongosolo ndi Kusankha Kwagawo

  1. PV System Design

  • Kukula Kwadongosolo: Kutengera kuchuluka kwa wogwiritsa ntchito 8.2 kW komanso kugwiritsa ntchito 30 kWh tsiku lililonse, gulu la 12 kW PV ndilovomerezeka. Gululi limatha kupanga pafupifupi 36 kWh patsiku kuti likwaniritse zofunikira.
  • Zithunzi za PV: Gwiritsani ntchito ma module 21 a single-crystal 580Wp, kukwaniritsa mphamvu yoyika ya 12.18 kWp. Onetsetsani kuti mwakonzekera bwino kwambiri kuti musamakhale ndi dzuwa.

  Mphamvu zazikulu Pmax [W]	575	580	585	590	595	600
  Mpweya wabwino wogwiritsa ntchito Vmp [V]	43.73	43.88	44.02	44.17	44.31	44.45
  Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito Imp [A]	13.15	13.22	13.29	13.36	13.43	13.50
  Open circuit voltage Voc [V]	52.30	52.50	52.70	52.90	53.10	53.30
  Short circuit panopa Isc [A]	13.89	13.95	14.01	14.07	14.13	14.19
  Kuchita bwino kwa gawo [%]	22.3	22.5	22.7	22.8	23.0	23.2
  Linanena bungwe mphamvu kulolerana	0~+3%
  Kutentha kwapakati kwamphamvu kwambiri[Pmax]	-0.29%/℃
  Kutentha kwamphamvu kwamagetsi otseguka [Voc]	-0.25%/℃
  Kutentha kokwanira kwanthawi yayitali [Isc]	0.045% / ℃
  Standard Test Conditions (STC): Kuwala kwambiri 1000W/m², kutentha kwa batire 25 ℃, mpweya wabwino 1.5

  2. Energy Storage System

  • Mphamvu ya Battery: Konzani dongosolo la batri la 25.6 kWh lithiamu iron phosphate (LiFePO4). Kuthekera kumeneku kumatsimikizira zosunga zobwezeretsera zokwanira katundu wovuta (3.6 kW) pafupifupi maola 7 pakuzimitsa.
  • Ma module a Battery: Gwiritsani ntchito ma modular, osasunthika okhala ndi mpanda wokhala ndi IP65 pakuyika m'nyumba/kunja. Gawo lililonse lili ndi mphamvu ya 2.56 kWh, yokhala ndi ma module 10 omwe amapanga dongosolo lonse.

  3. Kusankha kwa Inverter

  • Hybrid Inverter: Gwiritsani ntchito inverter yosakanizidwa ya 10 kW yokhala ndi PV yophatikizika ndi kuthekera kosungirako. Zinthu zazikuluzikulu zikuphatikiza:
    • Kuyika kwakukulu kwa PV: 15 kW
    • Kutulutsa: 10 kW pakugwiritsa ntchito ma gridi komanso osagwiritsa ntchito gridi
    • Chitetezo: IP65 yokhala ndi grid-off-grid switching nthawi <10 ms

  4. PV Cable Selection

  Zingwe za PV zimalumikiza ma module a solar ku inverter kapena bokosi lophatikiza. Ayenera kupirira kutentha kwakukulu, kuwonekera kwa UV, ndi mikhalidwe yakunja.

  • EN 50618 H1Z2Z2-K:
    • Single-core, yovotera 1.5 kV DC, yokhala ndi UV yabwino komanso kukana nyengo.
  • TÜV PV1-F:
    • Zosinthika, zosagwira moto, zokhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu (-40 ° C mpaka +90 ° C).
  • UL 4703 PV Waya:
    • Zotetezedwa kawiri, zabwino kwambiri padenga komanso pansi.
  • AD8 Chingwe Choyandama cha Solar:
    • Zozama komanso zopanda madzi, zoyenerera malo amadzi kapena amadzi.
  • Chingwe cha Aluminium Core Solar:
    • Zopepuka komanso zotsika mtengo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazoyika zazikulu.

  5. Kusankha Chingwe Chosungira Mphamvu

  Zingwe zosungira zimagwirizanitsa mabatire ndi ma inverters. Ayenera kuthana ndi mafunde apamwamba, kupereka kukhazikika kwa kutentha, ndi kusunga umphumphu wamagetsi.

  • UL10269 ndi UL11627 zingwe:
    • Khoma lopyapyala lotsekeredwa, loletsa moto, komanso lophatikizana.
  • XLPE-Insulated Cables:
    • Magetsi apamwamba (mpaka 1500V DC) ndi kukana kwamafuta.
  • Zingwe Zapamwamba za DC:
    • Zapangidwira kulumikiza ma module a batri ndi mabasi apamwamba kwambiri.

  Zofunikira za Chingwe

  Mtundu wa Chingwe	Analimbikitsa Model	Kugwiritsa ntchito
  PV Cable	EN 50618 H1Z2Z2-K	Kulumikiza ma module a PV ku inverter.
  PV Cable	UL 4703 PV Waya	Kuyika padenga komwe kumafunikira kutchinjiriza kwakukulu.
  Chingwe Chosungira Mphamvu	UL 10269, UL 11627	Ma batire ang'onoang'ono.
  Chingwe Chosungira Chotetezedwa	EMI Shielded Battery Cable	Kuchepetsa kusokoneza machitidwe ovuta.
  High Voltage Cable	XLPE-Insulated Chingwe	Malumikizidwe apamwamba kwambiri pamakina a batri.
  Chingwe choyandama cha PV	AD8 Chingwe Choyandama cha Solar	Malo omwe amakonda madzi kapena chinyezi.

IV. Kuphatikiza System

Phatikizani ma module a PV, kusungirako mphamvu, ndi ma inverters mu dongosolo lathunthu:

1. PV System: Pangani masanjidwe a module ndikuwonetsetsa chitetezo chadongosolo ndi makina okwera oyenera.
2. Kusungirako Mphamvu: Ikani ma modular mabatire okhala ndi kuphatikiza koyenera kwa BMS (Battery Management System) kuti muwunikire nthawi yeniyeni.
3. Hybrid Inverter: Lumikizani magulu a PV ndi mabatire ku inverter kuti muzitha kuyendetsa bwino mphamvu.

V. Kuyika ndi Kusamalira

Kuyika:

• Kuwunika kwa Tsamba: Yang'anani pamwamba padenga kapena pansi kuti muwone ngati amagwirizana komanso kuwunika kwadzuwa.
• Kuyika Zida: Ikani motetezeka ma module a PV, mabatire, ndi ma inverters.
• Kuyesa Kwadongosolo: Tsimikizirani kulumikizidwa kwamagetsi ndikuyesa mayeso ogwira ntchito.

Kusamalira:

• Kuyendera Mwachizolowezi: Yang'anani zingwe, ma modules, ndi ma inverters kuti awonongeke kapena awonongeke.
• Kuyeretsa: Yesetsani kuyeretsa ma module a PV kuti musunge bwino.
• Kuwunika kwakutali: Gwiritsani ntchito zida zamapulogalamu kuti muwone momwe dongosolo limagwirira ntchito ndikuwongolera zokonda.

VI. Mapeto

Dongosolo lokonzekera bwino la PV-storage limapereka kupulumutsa mphamvu, zopindulitsa zachilengedwe, komanso kudalirika kwamagetsi. Kusankhidwa mosamala kwa zigawo monga PV modules, mabatire osungira mphamvu, ma inverters, ndi zingwe zimatsimikizira kuti dongosololi likuyenda bwino komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali. Potsatira kukonzekera koyenera,

unsembe, ndi ndondomeko yokonza, eni nyumba akhoza kukulitsa phindu la ndalama zawo.