Malangizo Ofunika Posankha Mitundu Yoyenerera Yabwino, Kukula, ndi Kukhazikitsa

Mu chingwe, voliyumu imayesedwa mu ma volts (v), ndi zingwe zimayimira m'magulu awo. Kuwerengera kwa nyuzi kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa magetsi ogwiritsira ntchito chingwe chomwe chingagwire bwino. Nayi magulu akulu a magetsi a zingwe, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kolingana, komanso miyezo iyi:

1. Magetsi otsika (lv)

• Mitundu yamagetsi: Mpaka 1 KV (1000v)
• Mapulogalamu: Kugwiritsa ntchito nyumba zogona, zamalonda, komanso mafakitale kuti agawire mphamvu, kuyatsa, ndi makina oyendetsa magetsi ochepa.
• Miyezo Yodziwika:
  • IEC 60227: Chifukwa cha zingwe za PVC (zogwiritsidwa ntchito pogawa mphamvu).
  • IEC 6022: Zingwe zamagetsi zochepa.
  • Bs 6004: Za zingwe za PVC.
  • Ul 62: Zingwe zosinthika ku US

2. Magetsi a sing'anga (mv) chingwe

• Mitundu yamagetsi: 1 KV mpaka 36 KV
• Mapulogalamu: Kugwiritsa ntchito potumiza ndalama komanso kugawa ma network, makamaka pakugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale kapena ntchito.
• Miyezo Yodziwika:
  • IEC 6022-2: Kwa zingwe zapakatikati.
  • Iec 60840: Za zingwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu maukonde am'madzi ambiri.
  • Ieee 383: Zingwe zosagwirizana ndi kutentha kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mphamvu zomera.

3. Mphamvu zamphamvu kwambiri (HV)

• Mitundu yamagetsi: 36 kv mpaka 245 kv
• Mapulogalamu: Kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa magetsi kwa nthawi yayitali, magetsi kwambiri, komanso malo opanga mibadwo.
• Miyezo Yodziwika:
  • Iec 60840: Pazingwe zapamwamba kwambiri.
  • Iec 62067: Pazingwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu magetsi kwambiri ac ndi kuchuluka kwa DC.
  • Ieee 48: Poyesa chingwe cha magetsi kwambiri.

4. Magetsi owonjezera kwambiri (ehv) zingwe

• Mitundu yamagetsi: Pamwamba pa 245 kV
• Mapulogalamu: Kwa magetsi okwanira magetsi (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa kuchuluka kwa zamagetsi pamagetsi ataliatali).
• Miyezo Yodziwika:
  • Iec 60840: Za zingwe zowonjezera kwambiri.
  • Iec 62067: Kugwira ntchito kwa zingwe za kufalikira kwamphamvu kwa DC.
  • IEEE 400: Kuyeserera ndi miyezo ya mizere ya EHV.

5. Zingwe zapadera zam'madzi (mwachitsanzo, magetsi otsika kwambiri, zingwe za dzuwa)

• Mitundu yamagetsi: Amasiyanasiyana, koma nthawi zambiri pansi pa 1 KV
• Mapulogalamu: Kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zapadera ngati njira zamagetsi, magalimoto amagetsi, kapena kulumikizana.
• Miyezo Yodziwika:
  • Iec 60287: Pakuwerengera kwa mabizinesi apano.
  • Ul 4703: Malire a dzuwa.
  • Tüv: Pazizindikiro za dzuwa (mwachitsanzo, Tüv 2pfg 1169 / 08.2007).

Magetsi otsika (LV) ndi magetsi apamwamba (HV) amatha kugawidwanso m'mitundu inayake, iliyonse yomwe idapangidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito potengera zinthu zawo, zomanga, ndi chilengedwe. Nayi kuwonongeka mwatsatanetsatane:

Magetsi otsika (LV) a chingwe chotsika:

1. Zingwe zogawa mphamvu

   • Kaonekeswe: Izi ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magetsi otsika ndalama zogawa mphamvu, zotsatsa, ndi mafakitale.
   • Mapulogalamu:
     • Magetsi opangira nyumba ndi makina.
     • Masamba ogawa, ma swinjalodi, ndi mabwalo amphamvu.
   • Miyezo ya zitsanzo: IEC 60227 (PVC-Inclution), iec 60202-1 (Cholinga chachikulu).

2. Zingwe zopangira zida (zitsulo zachitsulo - swa, aluminium waya - akuyembekezera)

   • Kaonekeswe: Zingwe izi zimakhala ndi zitsulo kapena zaya wa alminim kapena aluminiyam kuti muteteze kowonjezereka kwamakina, ndikuwapangitsa kukhala oyenera ku malo akunja ndi mafakitale komwe kuwonongeka kwa thupi ndi nkhawa.
   • Mapulogalamu:
     • Kukhazikitsa pansi panthaka.
     • Makina ndi zida.
     • Kukhazikitsa panja mu malo osokoneza bongo.
   • Miyezo ya zitsanzo: IEC 60502-1, BS 5467, ndi BS 6346.

3. Chingwe cha mphira (chingwe chosinthika m'banda)

   • Kaonekeswe: Zingwe izi zimapangidwa ndi kusokonezeka kwa mphira ndikupuma, kupereka kusinthasintha ndi kulimba. Adapangidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito moperewera kwakanthawi kapena osasinthika.
   • Mapulogalamu:
     • Makina Ofwombe (mwachitsanzo, Cranes, Forklifts).
     • Ma sectups kwakanthawi.
     • Magalimoto amagetsi, malo omanga, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zakunja.
   • Miyezo ya zitsanzo: IEC 6025 (H05rr-F, H07RYRY-F), Ul 62 (ya zingwe zosinthika).

4. Kusuta kwaulere (utsi wotsika)

   • Kaonekeswe: Zingwe izi zimagwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba za Halogen, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera madera omwe chitetezo chamoto ndichofunika kwambiri. Pankhani yamoto, amatulutsa utsi wochepa ndipo samatulutsa mpweya woipa.
   • Mapulogalamu:
     • Ma eyapoti, zipatala, ndi masukulu (nyumba zaboma).
     • Madera opanga mafakitale omwe chitetezo chamoto ndichotsutsa.
     • Misewu, ngalande, ndi madera otsekedwa.
   • Miyezo ya zitsanzo: IEC 60332-1 (Khalidwe lamoto), en 50267 (pautsi lotsika).

5. Chimbudzi

   • Kaonekeswe: Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kufalitsa zizindikiro kapena deta mu madongosolo pomwe magawidwe ogawidwa siofunikira. Ali ndi omwe amachititsa zinthu zingapo, nthawi zambiri pamalingaliro.
   • Mapulogalamu:
     • Makina a Mphamvu (mwachitsanzo, kupanga, Malay).
     • Ma Panels Manels, Magetsi Opepuka, ndi Zowongolera Magalimoto.
   • Miyezo ya zitsanzo: IEC 60227, IEC 602-1.

6. Zingwe za dzuwa (chithunzi cha Photovoltaic)

   • Kaonekeswe: Zapangidwa mwachindunji kuti mugwiritse ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi. Ndiwo uV-surser, wa kuthetsedwa, komanso kuthekera kopambana.
   • Mapulogalamu:
     • Kukhazikitsa kwamphamvu (Photovoltaic).
     • Kulumikiza mapanelo a dzuwa ndi olumikizana.
   • Miyezo ya zitsanzo: TÜV 2pfg 1169 / 08.2007, Ul 4703.

7. Chingwe chosalala

   • Kaonekeswe: Zingwe izi zimakhala ndi mbiri yabwino, ndikuwapangitsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito malo olimba ndi madera omwe zingwe zozungulira zimakhala zochulukirapo.
   • Mapulogalamu:
     • Kugawa mphamvu zamagetsi m'malo ochepa.
     • Zida kapena zida zamaofesi.
   • Miyezo ya zitsanzo: IEC 60227, UL 62.

8. Zingwe zosagwirizana ndi moto

   • Zingwe zamakina mwadzidzidzi:
     Zingwe izi zimapangidwa kuti zizikhala ndi mawonekedwe oyenda pamagetsi nthawi yowopsa yamoto. Amawonetsetsa kuti akupitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito makina adzidzidzi monga ma alarm, kusuta utsi, ndi mapampu moto.
     Mapulogalamu: Mabwalo azadzidzidzi pagulu, njira zotetezera moto, ndi nyumba zokhala ndi mwayi wokhala kwambiri.

9. Chingwe cha Chuma

   • Zingwe zotetezedwa kuti zisautsidwe:
     Zingwe izi zimapangidwa kuti zizifalitsa za deta m'madera okhala ndi electromaagnetic incrence (EMI). Amatetezedwa kuti ateteze kutayika kwa siginecha ndi kusagwirizana ndi kunja, kuonetsetsa kufala koyenera kwa data.
     Mapulogalamu: Kukhazikitsa mafakitale, kufalikira kwa deta, ndi madera okhala ndi EMI.

10. Zingwe zapadera

    • Zingwe zamapulogalamu apadera:
      Zingwe zapadera zimapangidwa kuti niche akhazikike, monga kuyatsa kwakanthawi kosiyanasiyana pamasamba, kulumikizidwa kwamimba yodutsa, ndi machitidwe oyeretsa madzi. Zingwe izi zimapangidwa kuti zikhale m'malo enieni ngati madzi am'madzi, dziwe losambira, kapena kukhazikitsa kwina kosiyanasiyana.
      Mapulogalamu: Kukhazikitsa kwakanthawi, makina obisika, mafarisi, matoo osambira, ndi makina ogwirira ntchito.

11. Zingwe za aluminium

    • Kutumiza kwamphamvu kwa aluminium:
      Zingwe za aluminiyam zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza mphamvu ndi kugawa zonse mkati ndi kunja. Ndiwopepuka komanso okwera mtengo, oyenera ma network akuluakulu.
      Mapulogalamu: Kutumiza kwamphamvu, Kunja ndi kukhazikitsa pansi panthaka, ndi kugawa kwakukulu.

Magetsi a sing'anga (mv) chingwe

1. Chingwe cha RHz1

• XLPE itaumited:
  Zingwe izi zimapangidwira kuti magetsi apakatikati azikhala ndi polyethylene (xlpelylene). Amakhala omasuka komanso osafala, ndikuwapangitsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito njira zoyendera ndi kugawa kudzera pa intaneti yamagetsi.
  Mapulogalamu: Pakatikati pa Magetsi amagawa, mayendedwe amagetsi.

2. Chingwe cha Herpz1

• Herp youzidwa zingwe:
  Zingwezi zimapanga polyethylene (herpy) kutchinga ndipo ndiabwino. Ndiwoyatsa mphamvu kwa Enternigeger Egypt m'malo omwe chitetezo chamoto ndicho nkhawa.
  Mapulogalamu: Magetsi apakatikati, malo osungira moto.

3. Chovala 90

• XLPE itansidwe ndi zingwe pa zinthu zaku America:
  Amapangidwira kuti apakatikati pazitseko zamagetsi, zingwe izi zimakumana ndi miyezo yaku America kwa XLPE. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa ndikugawa mphamvu pazinthu zapakatikati zamagetsi.
  Mapulogalamu: Kutumiza kwamphamvu kwa magetsi apakatikati.

4. RHVHMHMV

• Zingwe zamapulogalamu apadera:
  Zingwe zamkuwa ndi ziphuphuzi zimapangidwa makamaka malo okhala ndi chiopsezo cha kuwonekera mafuta, mankhwala, ndi ma hydrocarbons. Ndiwothandiza kukhazikitsa malo okhala movutikira, monga mbewu zamankhwala.
  Mapulogalamu: Ntchito zapadera zamagetsi, madera okhala ndi mankhwala kapena mafuta.

Mphamvu Zapamwamba (HV) Zingwe Zoyambira:

1. Mphamvu zamphamvu zamphamvu

   • Kaonekeswe: Zingwe izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa mphamvu zamagetsi patali kwambiri pamtunda wa magetsi kwambiri (nthawi zambiri 36 KV mpaka 245 KV). Amakhala ndi matayala a zinthu zomwe zingathe kupirira magetsi amphamvu.
   • Mapulogalamu:
     • Makina ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi (mizere yamagetsi).
     • Mipata ndi mphamvu zomera.
   • Miyezo ya zitsanzo: IEC 60840, IEC 62067.

2. XLPA NGORS (yolumikizidwa ndi polyethylene yotambalala)

   • Kaonekeswe: Zingwe izi zimakhala ndi chinsinsi cholumikizidwa cha polyethylene chomwe chimapereka katundu wamagetsi, kupewetsa kutentha, ndi kulimba. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sing'anga kukwera kwamphamvu kwambiri.
   • Mapulogalamu:
     • Kugawidwa kwamphamvu m'makonzedwe a mafakitale.
     • Mizere yamagetsi.
     • Kufalikira kwa nthawi yayitali.
   • Miyezo ya zitsanzo: IEC 60502, IEC 60840, UL 1072.

3. Zingwe zodzazidwa ndi mafuta

   • Kaonekeswe: Zingwe ndi kudzaza mafuta pakati pa omwe akuchititsa komanso kuyika zigawo zokulitsa maefelelelective ndi kuzizira. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo okhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi.
   • Mapulogalamu:
     • Mikwingwirima yamafuta.
     • Kufalikira kwakuya kwa nyanja komanso madzi.
     • Ofunikira kwambiri mafakitale ofananira.
   • Miyezo ya zitsanzo: IEC 60202-1, IEC 60840.

4. Zingwe zotsekeredwa (Gil)

   • Kaonekeswe: Zingwe izi zimagwiritsa ntchito mpweya (nthawi zambiri sulfur Hexafride) ngati sing'anga yokhazikika m'malo mwa zida zolimba. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo omwe malo ali ochepa.
   • Mapulogalamu:
     • Madera ochulukitsa kumatauni (m'malo).
     • Zinthu zomwe zimafuna kudalirika kwakukulu mu kufalikira kwamphamvu (mwachitsanzo, gidida tawuni).
   • Miyezo ya zitsanzo: IEC 62271-204, IEC 67840.

5. Zingwe zam'mbuyo

   • Kaonekeswe: Zapangidwa mwachindunji kutumiza kwamphamvu kwamadzi, zingwe izi zimapangidwa kuti zikane mphwayi ndi kukakamizidwa. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi yoyambira kapena kukhazikika kwamphamvu.
   • Mapulogalamu:
     • Kutumiza kwamphamvu pakati pa mayiko kapena zilumba.
     • Minda yamphesa yam'mphepete, magetsi amadzi pansi pamadzi.
   • Miyezo ya zitsanzo: IEC 60287, IEC 60840.

6. Zingwe za HVDC (magetsi okwera kwambiri)

   • Kaonekeswe: Zingwe izi zimapangidwa kuti zizipereka mphamvu yolunjika yaposachedwa (DC) patali mtunda wautali kwambiri pa magetsi apamwamba. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kufalikira kwamphamvu kwambiri kwa mtunda wautali kwambiri.
   • Mapulogalamu:
     • Kutumiza kwa nthawi yayitali.
     • Kulumikiza magawo amphamvu kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana kapena mayiko.
   • Miyezo ya zitsanzo: IEC 60287, IEC 62067.

Zigawo zamagetsi zamagetsi

Chingwe chamagetsi chimakhala ndi zigawo zingapo zazikulu, aliyense amene amagwira ntchito inayake kuti atsimikizire chingwe chomwe chimachita bwino komanso moyenera. Zigawo zikuluzikulu za chingwe chamagetsi zimaphatikizanso:

1.

Akondakitalandiye gawo lalikulu la chingwe kudzera pamagetsi. Nthawi zambiri imapangidwa kuchokera ku zida zomwe zimapangitsa magetsi ochita bwino, monga mkuwa kapena aluminiyamu. Wochititsa ndi udindo wonyamula mphamvu yamagetsi kuyambira nthawi ina.

Mitundu Yaomwe:

• Chovala choledzera chamkuwa:

  • Kaonekeswe: Mkuwa ndi amodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha zovuta zamagetsi abwino komanso kukana kuwonongeka. Anthu osenda a mkuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pogawa mphamvu ndi zingwe zotsika mphamvu.
  • Mapulogalamu: Chingwe champhamvu, chingwe chowongolera, komanso chomangira anthu okhala ndi mafakitale.

• Tinnen Copper Diptoctor:

  • Kaonekeswe: Mkuwa womata ndi mkuwa womwe waphatikizidwa ndi tini woonda wa tin kuti uzikulitsa kukana kwake ndi oxidation. Izi ndizothandiza kwambiri m'madzi kapena komwe zingwe zimadziwika kuti ndi nyengo yovuta.
  • Mapulogalamu: Zingwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panja kapena chinyezi chambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mathiramu.

• Aluminium wochititsa:

  • Kaonekeswe: Aluminium ndi njira yopepuka komanso yotsika mtengo yotsika mtengo. Ngakhale aluminiyamu ali ndi mawonekedwe oyenda pamagetsi kuposa mkuwa, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza mphamvu kwambiri komanso zingwe zazitali chifukwa cha zopepuka.
  • Mapulogalamu: Chingwe chogawa mphamvu, chapakati komanso zingwe zamagetsi, zingwe zamphamvu.

• Aluminium alooy wochititsa:

  • Kaonekeswe: Aluminium alroy omwe akuchititsa aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo zochepa, monga magnesium kapena silicon, kuti awononge mphamvu zawo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamizere yofananira.
  • Mapulogalamu: Mizere yapamwamba yamagetsi, magetsi-volid-yamagetsi.

2. Kukumbukira

AkukutiraKuzungulira wochititsa ndikofunikira popewa magetsi ndi mabwalo afupiafupi. Zipangizo zokomera zimasankhidwa potengera kuthekera kwawo kukana zamagetsi, kutentha, komanso kupanikizika kwachilengedwe.

Mitundu ya Kutulutsa:

• Pvc (polyvinyl chloride) Kutulutsa:

  • Kaonekeswe: PVC ndi chinthu chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri cha zingwe zotsika komanso zapakatikati. Ndizosinthasintha, zolimba, ndipo zimaperekanso ndalama ku Abrasion ndi chinyezi.
  • Mapulogalamu: Chingwe champhamvu, nyumba yanyumba, ndi zingwe zowongolera.

• Xlpe (yolumikizidwa ndi polyethylene) chisudzo:

  • Kaonekeswe: Xlpe ndi zinthu zotchingira kwambiri zomwe zimalimbana ndi kutentha kwambiri, kupsinjika pa zamagetsi, ndi kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zingwe zapakatikati komanso zapamwamba kwambiri.
  • Mapulogalamu: Chingwe chapamwamba komanso chapamwamba kwambiri, zingwe zamphamvu za mafakitale komanso zakunja.

• EPR (Ethylene Proble):

  • Kaonekeswe: EP SPULETER imapereka katundu wamagetsi wamagetsi, kukhazikika kwamafuta, komanso kukana chinyezi ndi mankhwala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poizoni omwe amafunikira kusinthasintha kosinthika komanso kolimba.
  • Mapulogalamu: Chingwe champhamvu, zingwe zosinthika zamafakitale, malo otentha kwambiri.

• Kukhumudwa kwa mphira:

  • Kaonekeswe: Kutulutsa kwa mphira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zingwe zofunika kusintha. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo omwe zingwe zimafunikira kuthana ndi kupsinjika kwamakina kapena kuyenda.
  • Mapulogalamu: Zipangizo zam'manja, zingwe zoweta, makina ofananira.

• Kutulutsa kosasunthika (LSZH - Usupe Wotsika Pharo Halogen):

  • Kaonekeswe: Zipangizo za LSZ
  • Mapulogalamu: Nyumba za anthu, ngalande, ma eyapoti, zingwe zowongolera m'malo othamanga moto.

3. Kutetezedwa

KutchingaNthawi zambiri amawonjezeredwa kubisiketi kuti ateteze wochititsa ndi kutanthauzira kuchokera ku electromaagneticnce (EMI) kapena mawayilesi-pafupipafupi (RFI). Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuteteza chingwe pakutulutsa ma radiation elekitromagnetic.

Mitundu Yoteteza:

• Copper:

  • Kaonekeswe: Maoliwa amkuwa amateteza chitetezo chabwino ku EMI ndi RFI. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zingwe zolimba ndi zingwe pomwe zizindikiro zapamwamba zimafunikira kuti zigawike popanda kusokonezedwa.
  • Mapulogalamu: Chingwe cha data, zingwe chizindikiro, komanso zamagetsi.

• Aluminium Folfring:

  • Kaonekeswe: Zitchi za aluminium zojambulazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupereka chopepuka komanso chitetezo chosinthika motsutsana ndi EMI. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'matumba omwe amafunikira kusinthasintha kwamphamvu kwambiri.
  • Mapulogalamu: Zingwe zosasinthika, zingwe zamagetsi zotsika kwambiri.

• Zojambula ndi zoluka:

  • Kaonekeswe: Mtundu wamtunduwu umaphatikiza zojambulazo zonse ndi zoluka kuti atetezedwe pang'ono ku zosemphana ndi kusinthasintha.
  • Mapulogalamu: Zingwe zamafakitale, njira zowongolera, mabungwe ang'onoang'ono a Cingwe.

4. Jekete (ubweya wakunja)

AjeketiKodi chingwe chakunja cha chingwe, chomwe chimapereka chitetezo chamankhwala ndi chitetezo chopanda zachilengedwe monga chinyezi, mankhwala, ma radiation ya UV, ndi kuvala kwakuthupi.

Mitundu ya jekete:

• PVC jekete:

  • Kaonekeswe: Mavite a PVC amapereka chitetezo choyambirira ku Abrasion, madzi, ndi mankhwala ena. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mwamphamvu mphamvu komanso zingwe.
  • Mapulogalamu: Zingwe zowonda, zowunikira mafakitale, zingwe zapamwamba.

• Jekete la mphira:

  • Kaonekeswe: Ma jekete a mphira amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zingwe zomwe zimafunikira kusinthasintha komanso kukana kwakukulu kwa kupsinjika kwamakina ndi mikhalidwe ya chilengedwe.
  • Mapulogalamu: Zingwe zosintha mafakitale, zingwe zoweta, zingwe zakunja zamagetsi.

• Polyethylene (pe) jekete:

  • Kaonekeswe: Pulo yama jekete imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito komwe chingwe chimadziwika ndi nyengo yakunja ndikufunika kukana radiation ya UV, chinyezi, ndi mankhwala.
  • Mapulogalamu: Zingwe zakunja zamagetsi, zingwe zam'manja, kukhazikitsa pansi panthaka.

• Halogen-Free (LSZH):

  • Kaonekeswe: Ma jekete a LSZH amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo omwe chitetezo chamoto ndichofunikira. Zipangizozi sizimatulutsa ma flowe meni kapena mipweya yowononga yomwe ili pamoto.
  • Mapulogalamu: Nyumba za anthu, ngalande, mayendedwe oyenda.

5. Pankhondo (mwakufuna)

Mitundu ina yachabe,mbaimagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka chitetezo chamakina kuwonongeka kwakuthupi, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pazinthu zobisika kapena zakunja.

• Waya wachitsulo (swa) chingwe:

  • Kaonekeswe: Mau a waya wachitsulo amawonjezera chitetezo chowonjezera motsutsana ndi kuwonongeka kwa makina, kukakamizidwa, ndi kukhudzidwa.
  • Mapulogalamu: Kunja kapena kuyika pansi panthaka, madera okhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chowonongeka kwakuthupi.

• Aluminiyamu waya wa aluminiyamu (akuyembekezera) zingwe:

  • Kaonekeswe: Aluminiyamu a aluminium imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazofanana ngati zitsulo zankhondo koma zimapereka njira ina yopepuka.
  • Mapulogalamu: Kukhazikitsa panja, makina amafakitale, kugawa mphamvu.

Nthawi zina, zingwe zamagetsi zimakhala ndi achikopa chachitsulo or zitsulo zotchingawosanjikiza kupereka chitetezo chowonjezera ndi kuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito. Achikopa chachitsuloImagwira Zolinga Zosiyanasiyana, monga kupewa ma elekimagaragnetic kusokoneza (EMI), kumuteteza wochititsayo, ndikupereka chitetezo. Nayi zazikuluMitundu ya chitsulondi awoNtchito zina:

Mitundu ya chitsulo chotetezedwa m'khola

1.

• Kaonekeswe: Chuma chamkuntho chomera chimakhala ndi zingwe zonga nsalu zamkuwa zokutira kuzungulira chinsinsi. Ndi imodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za zitsulo zotchingira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chingwe.
• Nchito:
  • Kutetezedwa kwa Electromagnetic (EMI): Mkuntho utawa umaperekanso zabwino kwambiri kutchinga kwa EMI ndi wailesi. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri m'maiko okhala ndi phokoso lalikulu.
  • Kufooketsa: Wosanjikiza wamkuwa wamkuwa amagwiranso ntchito ngati njira yomangira, kuonetsetsa chitetezo popewa kubweza kwa magetsi owopsa.
  • Chitetezo chamakina: Imawonjezera mphamvu yamakina ku chingwe, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yolimbana ndi abrasion ndi kuwonongeka kuchokera kunkhondo zakunja.
• Mapulogalamu: Kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe za data, zingwe za chida, zingwe chizindikiro, ndi zingwe zamagetsi.

2. Aluminium Foul Otetezedwa

• Kaonekeswe: Aluminium folstering imakhala ndi woonda wosanjikiza wa aluminium wokulungidwa mozungulira chingwe, nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi polyester kapena filimu ya pulasitiki. Izi ndizopepuka ndi zopepuka ndipo zimapereka chitetezo chopitilira oyendetsa.
• Nchito:
  • Zosokoneza (EMI): Matalala aluminiyamu amapereka zabwino kwambiri pakutchingira EMI ndi RFI, kuthandiza kusungabe kukhulupirika kwa zingwe.
  • Chotchinga chotchinga: Kuphatikiza pa chitetezo cha EMI, mafomu a aluminium amachita ngati chotchinga chotchinga, kupewetsa madzi ndi zodetsa zina kuti zisalowe chingwe.
  • Zopepuka ndi mtengo wokwera: Aluminium ndi wopepuka komanso wotsika mtengo kuposa mkuwa, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yankho lokwera mtengo.
• Mapulogalamu: Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zingwe zam'manja, zingwe za Coaxial, ndi zingwe zamagetsi zochepa.

3. Kuphatikiza kuluka ndi zojambula zotchinga

• Kaonekeswe: Mtundu uwu wotetezedwa umaphatikiza zojambulajambula zonse zamkuwa kuti atetezedwe. Kuwala kwa mkuwa kumapereka nyonga ndi chitetezo kuwonongeka kwakuthupi, pomwe chinsalu cha aluminiyamu chimapereka chitetezo chopitilira muyeso.
• Nchito:
  • Onjezani EMI ndi RFI ikutchinga: Kuphatikiza kwa zishango za kuluka ndi zikopa zopukutira kwambiri kumapereka chitetezo chochuluka motsutsana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya electromaagnetic kulowererapo, kuwonetsetsa kuti mukutumiza chizindikiro kwambiri.
  • Kusinthasintha ndi Kukhazikika: Chitetezo chambiri ichi chimapereka chitetezo chamakina (kuluka) chitetezo chambiri (zojambula) zosokoneza bongo (zojambula), ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino ku zingwe zosasinthika.
  • Kugwa ndi Chitetezo: Kuwala ku Copper kumathandizanso ngati njira yokweza, kukonzanso chitetezo m'khola la chingwe.
• Mapulogalamu: Kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zowongolera mafakitale, zingwe za kufalikira kwa data, chida chachipatala chamankhwala, ndi mapulogalamu ena pomwe onse olimba ndi EMI Riod amafunikira.

4..

• Kaonekeswe: Chingwe cha waya chimaphatikizapo kukulunga zingwe zazitsulo kuzungulira chinsinsi cha chingwe, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mitundu ina ya zotchinga kapena kutchinjiriza.
• Nchito:
  • Chitetezo chamakina: Swa amapereka chitetezo cholimbitsa thupi motsutsana ndi mavuto, kuphwanya, ndi zipsinjo zina. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'matumba omwe amafunikira kuthana ndi malo olemera, monga malo omanga kapena kukhazikitsa pansi panthaka.
  • Kufooketsa: Waya wachitsulo amathanso kukhala njira yotetezera chitetezo.
  • Kutsutsa: Phala la waya, makamaka ngati gulu lankhondo, limateteza kuponderezedwa, lomwe limapindulitsa pa zinsinsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa kapena kunja.
• MapulogalamuKugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zamagetsi pakuyika panja kapena kuwongolera kwa mafakitale, njira zowongolera mafakitale, ndi zingwe m'madera momwe chiopsezo chowonongeka chimakhala.

5. Aluminium waya wamagetsi (akuyembekezera)

• Kaonekeswe: Zofanana ndi waya wachitsulo, waya wa aluminiyamu umagwiritsidwa ntchito kupereka chitetezo chamakina kukhala zingwe. Ndiwopepuka komanso yotsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa waya wa waya.
• Nchito:
  • Chitetezo Chathupi: Kuyembekezera kumatiteteza ku kuwonongeka kwa thupi monga kuphwanya, zokhuza, ndi abrasion. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mobisa komanso kukhazikitsa zakunja komwe chithokomiro chitha kuwululidwa pamakina.
  • Kufooketsa: Monga swa, waya wa aluminium amathanso kuperekanso zinthu zotetezera chitetezo.
  • Kutsutsa: Aluminiyamu amaperekanso kukana kwa malo okhala m'maiko owoneka ndi chinyezi kapena mankhwala.
• Mapulogalamu: Kugwiritsa ntchito chingwe champhamvu champhamvu, makamaka kwa magetsi operekera magetsi kunja ndi kuyika pansi panthaka.

Chidule cha Ntchito za zishango zachitsulo

• Kutetezedwa kwa Electromagnetic (EMI): Zikopa zachitsulo monga Clock Clock ndi aluminium slock yosafunikira yamagetsi yochokera ku chithokomiro cha chinsinsi kapena kuthawa ndikuthana ndi zida zina.
• Kukhulupirika: Chitsulo Chachitsulo chimatsimikizira kukhulupirika kwa deta kapena kusanja komwe kumayambitsa malo okhala pafupipafupi, makamaka mu zida zoweta.
• Chitetezo chamakina: Zikopa Zankhondo, ngati zopangidwa ndi zitsulo kapena aluminiyamu, kuteteza zingwe kuwonongeka kwakuthupi zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chowonongeka, zosokoneza, kapena abrasions, makamaka mu mafakitale ankhanza.
• Chitetezo cha Chinyontho: Mitundu ina yachitsulo imatchinga, monga aluminium zojambula, zimathandizanso kuti chinyontho cholowera kulowa chingwe, kupewa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zamkati.
• Kufooketsa: Zikopa zachitsulo, makamaka kwambiri zamkuwa ndi mawaya onyamula zida, zimatha kupereka njira, kulimbikira popewa ngozi zamagetsi.
• Kutsutsa: Zitsulo zina, monga aluminiyamu ndi chitsulo chomenyera, zimateteza kutchire, zimapangitsa kuti akhale oyenera pa zakunja, pansi pamadzi, kapena mankhwala amphamvu.

Ntchito za zingwe zachitsulo:

• Matelefoni: Pazingwe za coaxial ndi zingwe zotumiza deta, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti sizachilendo komanso kukana kulowerera.
• Makina owongolera mafakitale: Za zingwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina ogwirira ntchito ndikuwongolera, pomwe chitetezo chamagetsi ndi zamagetsi chimafunikira.
• Kunja ndi kuyika pansi panthaka: Pazingwe zamphamvu kapena zingwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maiko okhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chowonongeka kapena kuwonekera kwa zinthu zovuta.
• Zida zamankhwala: Pazingwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zamankhwala, pomwe zonse zisonyezo ndi chitetezo ndizofunikira.
• Kugawa kwamagetsi ndi mphamvu: Kwa zingwe zapakatikati komanso zamagetsi zapakatikati, makamaka m'malo okonda kusokonekera kapena kuwonongeka kwamakina.

Posankha mtundu wamtundu woyenera, mutha kuwonetsetsa kuti zingwe zanu zikukwaniritsa zofunikira za ntchito, kukhazikika, komanso chitetezo muzosankha.

Misonkhano yamkaka yamkati

1. Mitundu Yosatha

2. Mitundu Yotetezedwa

3. Mkati

4. Mitundu Yankhondo

5. Chingwe Chakunja

6. Mitundu Yotsitsa

7. Muyezo wamagetsi

8. Chimbudzi

9. Kuwonongeka kwa Chizindikiro

Malamulo a Cable Mapangidwe a Dera

Malo Osiyanasiyana ndi Dera

Zolemba Zowonjezera pa Miyezo:

• Mfundo za China GBAmayang'aniridwa makamaka pa chitetezo chambiri komanso kuwongolera kwapadera, komanso kuphatikizira malamulo apadera osafunikira pa zosowa za China, monga kutetezedwa chilengedwe.

• Miyezo ya Ul ku USamadziwika kwambiri ndi mayesero amoto ndi chitetezo. Nthawi zambiri amayang'ana zoopsa zamagetsi monga kuthetsa moto, kofunikira pakukhazikitsa nyumba ndi mafakitale.

• Zithunzi za IECamadziwika padziko lonse lapansi ndikuyikidwa ku Europe ndi madera ena ambiri padziko lapansi. Ayenera kugwirizanitsa chitetezo komanso njira zabwino, kupanga zingwe kuti zithe kugwiritsa ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana, kunyumba kumaofesi okwera mafakitale.

• Miyezo ya JISKu Japan amayang'ana kwambiri chitetezo chambiri komanso kusinthasintha. Malamulo awo amaonetsetsa kuti zingwe zimachita zolimbitsa mafakitale ndikukumana ndi zomwe zimachitika.

AKukula muyezo wochititsaimafotokozedwa ndi miyezo yosiyanasiyana yamayiko ndi malamulo otsimikizira kukula koyenera komanso mawonekedwe aomwe amachititsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito bwino magetsi. Pansipa ndiye wamkuluMiyezo yotsatsira:

1. Kukula kwa extactor ndi zakuthupi

Kukula kwa ochita zamagetsi nthawi zambiri kumafotokozedwa molingana ndiMalo oyambira(mu mm) kapenageji(Awg kapena kcmil), kutengera dera ndi mtundu wa wochititsa chidwi (mkuwa, aluminiyamu, etc.).

a. Omwe Akuchita:

• Malo oyambira(MMM): Anthu ambiri opanga zamkuwa ambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi malo awo oyambira, nthawi zambiri kuyambira0,5 mm to 400 mmkapena zochulukirapo za zingwe zamphamvu.
• Awg (chithunzi cha waya ku America): Pazinthu zazing'onoting'ono za gaughr24 on(waya woonda kwambiri) mpaka4/0(waya wamkulu kwambiri).

b. Aluminium Aluminiam:

• Malo oyambira.1.5 mm to 500 mmkapena kuposa.
• Ez: Aluminium waya wa aluminium amachokera ku10 to 500 kcmil.

c. Zochita zina:

• WaMkuwa or chiwayamawaya omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu apadera (mwachitsanzo, am'madzi, mafakitale, ndi zina), muyezo wozungulira wafotokozedwansomm² or Ez.

2. Makhalidwe apadziko lonse lapansi a kukula

a. IEC (Internet Enterrotechnical Commissions):

• Iec 60228: Vutoli limatchula gulu la ochita zamkuwa ndi aluminium omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'matumba okhazikika. Kutanthauzira kumangirizamm².
• Iec 60287: Imaphimba kuwerengera kwa zingwe zaposachedwa, poganizira kukula kwa wochititsa ndi mawu osokoneza bongo.

b. Nec (National Magetsi) Miyezo (US):

• Ku US,Necamatchula oponderezana, ndipo amachokera kwa anthu wamba14 awg to 1000 kcmil, kutengera ntchito (mwachitsanzo, kukhala, zamalonda, kapena mafakitale).

c. Jis (mafakitale a ku Japan):

• Jis c 3602: Vutoli limatanthauzira kukula kwa wochititsa ndi zingwe zosiyanasiyana komanso mitundu yawo yofananira. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amapatsidwamm²Kwa ochita zamkuwa ndi aluminium.

3. Kukula kwa Corductor kutengera mtundu wapano

• AKugwiritsa Ntchito PakalipanoMwa wochititsa amatengera nkhaniyo, mtundu wazosintha, ndi kukula kwake.
• Waochita zamkuwa, kukula kumene kumachokera0,5 mm(Pazinthu zotsika kwambiri ngati zikwangwani zosayina) kuti1000 mm(kusindikizidwa kwamphamvu kwambiri).
• Waaluminium ochita, kukula kwake kumayambira1.5 mm to 1000 mmkapena kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zolemetsa.

4. Maupangiri apadera amagwiritsa ntchito

• Zochita zosinthika(zogwiritsidwa ntchito zingwe zosunthira, maloboti ogulitsa mafakitale, etc.) atha kukhalamagawo ang'onoang'onokoma adapangidwa kuti apirire mobwerezabwereza.
• Zingwe zosakanikirana ndi zotsikaNthawi zambiri amatsatira mfundo zapadera za kukula kwa woponderezedwa kuti atsimikizire magwiridwe antchito kwambiri, mongaIec 60322.

5. Kuwerengera Kwakukulu (njira yoyambira)

AKukula kwa WozunguliraItha kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito formula ya dera la mtanda:

Dera (mmwo) = 4π × d2

Kuti:

• $dd$

  d = mainchesi a wochititsa (mm)

• Malo= Malo oyambira oyendetsa

Chidule cha Makonda Otsatsa:

Chingwe cha CRAD-gawo la vs. Gauge, mtengo wapano, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito

Kufotokozera kwa zinenedwe:

1. Dera la Gawo (mm²): Dera la gawo la wochititsayo, lomwe ndi kiyi yodziwitsa za waya kuti zikhalepo.
2. Arg geji: Gaige waku America (awg) muyezo wogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zingwe, ndi manambala akulu akulu akuwonetsa mawaya owonda.
3. Kukhazikika kwapamwamba (a): Zapamwamba kwambiri chinsinsi chitha kunyamula mosamala popanda kutentha, kutengera zinthu ndi kutchinjiriza.
4. Kugwiritsa ntchito: Mapulogalamu wamba a chingwe chilichonse, chikuwonetsa komwe chingwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito potengera zofunikira zamphamvu.

Zindikirani:

• Ochita zamkuwanthawi zambiri zimanyamula ndalama zapamwamba poyerekeza ndialuminium ochitaKwa malo omwewo ndi gawo limodzi chifukwa cha moyo wabwino wa mkuwa.
• AZotchinga.
• Gome ilichizindikiroNdipo miyezo yapaderayo ndi zinthu ziziyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse.

Kuyambira 2009,Danyang Winpowewer waya ndi chingwe MFG Co., Ltd.yakhala ikulima mu gawo la magetsi a zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi kwa pafupifupi zaka 15, kuwunikira chuma cha makampani ndi luso latsopano. Timayang'ana kwambiri kubweretsa kulumikizana kwakukulu komanso kothetseratu njira, ndipo zidaliri ndi zida zovomerezeka ndi ntchito yolumikizirana ndi ku America, chonde titumizireni zingwe zolumikiza, chonde titumizireni! Winang Planpower angakonde kupita nanu, kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino limodzi.