1.Kodi chingwe cha Solar ndi chiyani?
Zingwe za dzuwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza mphamvu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku mbali ya DC ya magetsi a dzuwa. Iwo ali ndi zinthu zazikulu zakuthupi. Izi zikuphatikizapo kukana kutentha kwakukulu ndi kutsika. Komanso, ku radiation ya UV, madzi, kupopera mchere, ma acid ofooka, ndi ma alkali ofooka. Amakhalanso ndi kukana kukalamba ndi malawi.
Zingwe za Photovoltaic zilinso ndi zingwe zapadera za Solar. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kumadera ovuta. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi PV1-F ndi H1Z2Z2-K.Danyang Winpowerndi wopanga chingwe cha dzuwa
Zingwe zoyendera dzuwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala padzuwa. Nthawi zambiri mphamvu za dzuwa zimakhala m'malo ovuta. Amakumana ndi kutentha kwakukulu komanso kuwala kwa UV. Ku Europe, masiku adzuwa apangitsa kuti kutentha kwapamalo amagetsi adzuwa kufika 100 ° C.
Zingwe za Photovoltaic ndi chingwe chophatikizika chomwe chimayikidwa pa ma module a solar cell. Ili ndi chophimba chotetezera ndi mitundu iwiri. Mafomuwa ndi amodzi-core ndi awiri-core. Mawayawa ndi opangidwa ndi malata.
Imatha kunyamula mphamvu zamagetsi m'magawo a cell a solar. Izi zimathandiza kuti ma cell azigwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
2. Zogulitsa:
1) Kondakitala: waya wamkuwa wopangidwa ndi malata
2) Zinthu zakunja: XLPE (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti: polyethylene yolumikizidwa) ndi zinthu zoteteza.
3. Kapangidwe:
1) Nthawi zambiri kondakitala wa mkuwa weniweni kapena wothira mkuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito
2) Kutchinjiriza mkati ndi m'chikwama chakunja ndi mitundu iwiri
4. Mawonekedwe:
1) Kukula kochepa ndi kulemera kochepa, kupulumutsa mphamvu ndi kuteteza chilengedwe.
2) Zinthu zabwino zamakina ndi kukhazikika kwamankhwala, mphamvu yayikulu yonyamula pano;
3) Kukula kochepa, kulemera kochepa komanso mtengo wotsika kuposa zingwe zina zofanana;
4) Ili ndi: kukana dzimbiri bwino, kukana kutentha kwambiri, komanso kukana kwa asidi ndi alkali. Imakhalanso ndi kukana kuvala ndipo sichimawonongeka ndi chinyezi. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo owononga. Ili ndi ntchito yabwino yoletsa kukalamba, komanso moyo wautali wautumiki.
5) Ndi yotsika mtengo. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'zimbudzi, madzi amvula, ndi kuwala kwa UV. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pazinthu zina zamphamvu zowononga, monga ma asidi ndi ma alkali.
Zingwe za Photovoltaic zimakhala ndi dongosolo losavuta. Amagwiritsa ntchito kutchinjiriza kwa polyolefin. Izi zimakhala ndi kutentha, kuzizira, mafuta, ndi kukana kwa UV. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazovuta zachilengedwe. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, imakhala ndi mphamvu zolimba. Ikhoza kukwaniritsa zosowa za mphamvu ya dzuwa mu nyengo yatsopano.
5. Ubwino
Kondakitala amalimbana ndi dzimbiri. Amapangidwa ndi waya wofewa wa mkuwa, womwe umalimbana ndi dzimbiri bwino.
Kutsekerako kumapangidwa ndi zinthu zosazizira, zotsika utsi, zopanda halogen. Imatha kupirira -40 ℃ ndipo imakhala yabwino kukana kuzizira.
3) Imakana kutentha kwambiri. Chovalacho chimapangidwa ndi zinthu zosagwira kutentha, zotsika utsi, zopanda halogen. Imatha kupirira kutentha mpaka 120 ℃ ndipo imakhala ndi kukana kwambiri kutentha kwambiri.
Pambuyo pa kuyatsa, kutsekemera kwa chingwe kumapeza zinthu zina. Izi zikuphatikizapo kukhala odana ndi UV, mafuta kugonjetsedwa, ndi moyo wautali.
6. Makhalidwe:
Makhalidwe a chingwechi amachokera ku zotsekemera zake zapadera ndi zipangizo za sheath. Timawatcha kuti cross-linked PE. Pambuyo pa kuyatsa ndi accelerator, mawonekedwe a maselo a chingwe asintha. Izi zidzakulitsa ntchito yake m'njira zonse.
Chingwecho chimatsutsana ndi katundu wamakina. Panthawi yokonza ndi kukonza, ikhoza kuyendetsedwa pamphepete mwachitsulo chapamwamba cha nyenyezi. Chingwecho chiyenera kupirira kupanikizika, kupindika, kugwedezeka, kukanikizana, ndi kukhudzidwa kwamphamvu.
Ngati chingwe chachitsulo sichili cholimba mokwanira, chidzawononga kutsekemera kwa chingwe. Izi zifupikitsa moyo wa chingwe kapena kuyambitsa mavuto monga mabwalo aafupi, moto, ndi kuvulala.
7. Zinthu:
Chitetezo ndi mwayi waukulu. Zingwezi zimakhala ndi ma elekitiromagineti ogwirizana komanso mphamvu zambiri zamagetsi. Amatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri, ndikukana kukalamba kwa nyengo. Kutsekemera kwawo kumakhala kokhazikika komanso kodalirika. Imawonetsetsa kuti milingo ya AC ndiyokhazikika pakati pazida ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira zachitetezo.
2) Zingwe za Photovoltaic zimakhala zotsika mtengo potumiza mphamvu. Amapulumutsa mphamvu zambiri kuposa zingwe za PVC. Amatha kuzindikira kuwonongeka kwadongosolo mwachangu komanso molondola. Izi zimathandizira chitetezo ndi kukhazikika kwadongosolo ndikuchepetsa mtengo wokonza.
3) Kuyika kosavuta: Zingwe za PV zimakhala ndi malo osalala. Ndiosavuta kupatukana ndikulumikiza ndi kutuluka. Amakhala osinthika komanso osavuta kukhazikitsa. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuti okhazikitsa azigwira ntchito mwachangu. Akhozanso kukonzedwa ndikukhazikitsidwa. Izi zasintha kwambiri malo pakati pa zida ndi malo osungira.
4) Zida zopangira zingwe za photovoltaic zimatsata malamulo oteteza chilengedwe. Amakumana ndi zizindikiro zakuthupi ndi machitidwe awo. Pakugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukhazikitsa, poizoni aliyense wotulutsidwa ndi mpweya wotulutsa amakumana ndi malamulo achilengedwe.
8. Magwiridwe (machitidwe amagetsi)
1) Kukaniza kwa DC: Kukana kwa DC kwa chingwe chomaliza cha chingwe chomalizidwa pa 20 ° C sikuposa 5.09Ω/km.
2) Mayesowa ndi amagetsi omiza m'madzi. Chingwe chomalizidwa (20m) chimayikidwa (20±5) ℃ madzi kwa 1h. Kenako, imayesedwa ndi 5min voltage test (AC 6.5kV kapena DC 15kV) popanda kuwonongeka.
Chitsanzocho chimatsutsa magetsi a DC kwa nthawi yaitali. Ndiutali wa 5m ndipo m'madzi osungunuka ndi 3% NaCl pa (85±2) ℃ kwa (240±2)h. Mapeto onse awiri amawonekera m'madzi kwa 30cm.
Mphamvu yamagetsi ya 0.9kV DC imayikidwa pakati pa pakati ndi madzi. Pakatikati pamakhala magetsi. Zimagwirizana ndi mtengo wabwino. Madziwo amalumikizidwa ndi mtengo woipa.
Akatenga chitsanzocho, amayesa voteji yomiza m'madzi. Mphamvu yoyesera ndi AC
4) The kutchinjiriza kukana ya yomalizidwa chingwe pa 20 ℃ si zosakwana 1014Ω · cm. Pa 90 ℃, ndi osachepera 1011Ω·cm.
5) Sheath imakhala ndi kukana kwapamwamba. Iyenera kukhala osachepera 109Ω.
9. Mapulogalamu
Zingwe za Photovoltaic zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'minda yamphepo. Amapereka mphamvu ndi mawonekedwe a photovoltaic ndi zipangizo zamagetsi zamagetsi.
2) Mapulogalamu a mphamvu ya dzuwa amagwiritsa ntchito zingwe za photovoltaic. Amagwirizanitsa ma modules a dzuwa, amasonkhanitsa mphamvu za dzuwa, ndikutumiza mphamvu mosamala. Amathandizanso kuti magetsi azigwira bwino ntchito.
3) Mapulogalamu opangira magetsi: Zingwe za Photovoltaic zimatha kulumikizanso zida zamagetsi pamenepo. Iwo amasonkhanitsa kwaiye mphamvu ndi kusunga mphamvu khalidwe khola. Amachepetsanso mtengo wopangira magetsi ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zamagetsi.
4) Zingwe za Photovoltaic zili ndi ntchito zina. Amalumikiza ma tracker a dzuwa, ma inverter, mapanelo, ndi magetsi. Ukadaulo umathandizira zingwe. Ndikofunikira pamapangidwe olunjika. Izi zitha kupulumutsa nthawi ndikuwongolera ntchito.
10. Kuchuluka kwa ntchito
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo opangira magetsi adzuwa kapena ma solar. Ndi ya zida zopangira ma wiring ndi kulumikizana. Ili ndi mphamvu zolimba komanso kukana kwanyengo. Ndi yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ambiri opangira magetsi padziko lonse lapansi.
Monga chingwe chamagetsi a dzuwa, chingagwiritsidwe ntchito panja nyengo zosiyanasiyana. Itha kugwiranso ntchito m'malo owuma komanso achinyezi amkati.
Izi ndi za zingwe zofewa zokhala ndi phata limodzi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mbali ya CD ya ma solar. Makinawa ali ndi max DC voltage ya 1.8kV (core to core, non-grounded). Izi ndi monga tafotokozera mu 2PfG 1169/08.2007.
Izi ndizogwiritsidwa ntchito pachitetezo cha Class II. Chingwechi chimatha kugwira ntchito mpaka 90 ℃. Ndipo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zingapo molumikizana.
11. Mbali zazikulu
1) Angagwiritsidwe ntchito pansi pa dzuwa
2) Ntchito yozungulira kutentha -40 ℃ ~ + 90 ℃
3) Moyo wautumiki uyenera kukhala wopitilira zaka 20
4) Kupatula 62930 IEC 133/134, mitundu ina ya zingwe amapangidwa ndi flame-retardant polyolefin. Amakhala otsika utsi komanso alibe halogen.
12. Mitundu:
Mu dongosolo la malo opangira magetsi a dzuwa, zingwe zimagawidwa kukhala zingwe za DC ndi AC. Kutengera ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso malo ogwiritsira ntchito, amagawidwa motere:
Zingwe za DC zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri:
1) Series kugwirizana pakati pa zigawo zikuluzikulu;
Kulumikizana ndikofanana. Ili pakati pa zingwe ndi pakati pa zingwe ndi mabokosi ogawa a DC (mabokosi ophatikiza).
3) Pakati pa mabokosi ogawa a DC ndi ma inverters.
Zingwe za AC zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa:
1) Kulumikizana pakati pa ma inverters ndi osinthira masitepe;
2) Kulumikizana pakati pa osinthira-mmwamba ndi zida zogawa;
3) Kulumikizana pakati pa zida zogawa ndi ma gridi amagetsi kapena ogwiritsa ntchito.
13. Ubwino ndi Kuipa kwake
1) Ubwino:
a. Ubwino wodalirika komanso chitetezo chabwino cha chilengedwe;
b. Wide ntchito osiyanasiyana ndi chitetezo mkulu;
c. Easy kukhazikitsa ndi ndalama;
d. Kutsika kwamphamvu kwapang'onopang'ono ndikuchepetsa chizindikiro chaching'ono.
2) Zoyipa:
a. Zofunikira zina pakusinthika kwa chilengedwe;
b. Zokwera mtengo komanso zotsika mtengo;
c. Moyo waufupi wautumiki komanso kukhazikika kwathunthu.
Mwachidule, chingwe cha photovoltaic ndichothandiza kwambiri. Ndiwotumiza, kulumikiza, ndikuwongolera machitidwe amagetsi. Ndi yodalirika, yaying'ono, komanso yotsika mtengo. Kutumiza kwake mphamvu ndikokhazikika. Ndi yosavuta kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumakhala kothandiza komanso kotetezeka kuposa waya wa PVC chifukwa cha chilengedwe komanso kufalitsa mphamvu.
14. Njira zodzitetezera
Zingwe za Photovoltaic siziyenera kuyikidwa pamwamba. Iwo akhoza kukhala, ngati chitsulo wosanjikiza anawonjezera.
Zingwe za Photovoltaic sizikhala m'madzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Ayeneranso kusungidwa m'malo a chinyezi chifukwa cha ntchito.
3) Zingwe za Photovoltaic sizidzakwiriridwa mwachindunji m'nthaka.
4) Gwiritsani ntchito zolumikizira zapadera za photovoltaic zingwe za photovoltaic. Akatswiri amagetsi aziyika.
15. Zofunikira:
Zingwe zamagetsi zotsika kwambiri za DC pamakina oyendera dzuwa zimakhala ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana. Zimasiyana malinga ndi momwe gawolo limagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso zosowa zaukadaulo. Zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa ndi kutsekereza chingwe, kukana kutentha, komanso kukana moto. Komanso, ukalamba mkulu ndi waya awiri.
Zingwe za DC nthawi zambiri zimayalidwa panja. Ayenera kukhala umboni motsutsana ndi chinyezi, dzuwa, kuzizira, ndi UV. Choncho, zingwe za DC mu machitidwe ogawidwa a photovoltaic zimagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zapadera. Iwo ali ndi photovoltaic certification.
Chingwe cholumikizira chamtunduwu chimagwiritsa ntchito chotchingira chawiri wosanjikiza. Imalimbana kwambiri ndi UV, madzi, ozoni, asidi, ndi mchere. Ilinso ndi luso lanyengo yonse komanso kukana kuvala.
Ganizirani zolumikizira za DC ndi zotulutsa za mapanelo a PV. Zingwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi PV DC ndi PV1-F1*4mm2, PV1-F1*6mm2, etc.
16. Kusankha:
Zingwezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu gawo la DC la low-voltage la solar system. Iwo ali ndi zofunika zosiyana. Izi zili choncho chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa malo ogwiritsira ntchito. Komanso, zofunika luso kulumikiza zigawo zosiyanasiyana. Muyenera kuganizira zinthu zingapo. Izi ndi: kutsekereza chingwe, kukana kutentha, kukana moto, kukalamba, ndi mainchesi a waya.
Zofunikira zenizeni ndi izi:
Chingwe pakati pa ma module a solar cell nthawi zambiri chimalumikizidwa mwachindunji. Amagwiritsa ntchito chingwe cholumikizidwa ku bokosi la module. Pamene kutalika sikukwanira, chingwe chowonjezera chapadera chingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Chingwecho chili ndi mfundo zitatu. Ndiwo ma module amitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagetsi. Ali ndi gawo la 2.5m㎡, 4.0m㎡, ndi 6.0m㎡.
Mtundu wa chingwe uwu umagwiritsa ntchito sheath yokhala ndi zigawo ziwiri. Imalimbana ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet, madzi, ozoni, asidi, ndi mchere. Zimagwira ntchito bwino nyengo zonse ndipo sizimva kuvala.
Chingwecho chimagwirizanitsa batire ndi inverter. Pamafunika mawaya ofewa amitundu yambiri omwe adutsa mayeso a UL. Mawaya ayenera kulumikizidwa pafupi kwambiri momwe angathere. Kusankha zingwe zazifupi ndi wandiweyani kungachepetse kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo. Ikhozanso kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ndi kudalirika.
Chingwechi chimagwirizanitsa gulu la batri ku controller kapena DC junction box. Iyenera kugwiritsa ntchito waya wofewa woyesedwa ndi UL, wokhala ndi zingwe zambiri. Magawo a waya amatsata kuchuluka kwake komwe kumatuluka.
Dera la chingwe cha DC limakhazikitsidwa potengera mfundo izi. Zingwezi zimalumikiza ma module a solar cell, mabatire, ndi katundu wa AC. Zomwe zidavotera pano ndi 1.25 nthawi zochulukirapo zomwe zikugwira ntchito pano. Zingwezi zimapita pakati pa ma solar arrays, magulu a batri, ndi ma inverters. Chingwe chovotera pano ndi 1.5 kuwirikiza nthawi yake yogwira ntchito.
17. Kusankhidwa kwa zingwe za photovoltaic:
Nthawi zambiri, zingwe za DC zomwe zili m'malo opangira magetsi a photovoltaic ndizogwiritsidwa ntchito panja kwa nthawi yayitali. Zomangamanga zimalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolumikizira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polumikizira chingwe. Zipangizo zopangira chingwe zitha kugawidwa kukhala pachimake chamkuwa ndi pachimake cha aluminium.
Zingwe zamkuwa zamkuwa zimakhala ndi ma antioxidants ambiri kuposa aluminiyamu. Amakhalanso nthawi yayitali, osasunthika, ndipo amakhala ndi kutsika kwamagetsi ochepa komanso kutaya mphamvu. Pomanga, zingwe zamkuwa zimasinthasintha. Amalola kupindika pang'ono, kotero kumakhala kosavuta kutembenuza ndi ulusi. Ziphuphu zamkuwa zimalimbana ndi kutopa. Sizithyoka mosavuta pambuyo popinda. Choncho, wiring ndi yabwino. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zitsulo zamkuwa zimakhala zamphamvu ndipo zimatha kupirira kupsinjika kwakukulu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zomangamanga zikhale zosavuta komanso zimapangitsa kuti makina agwiritsidwe ntchito.
Zingwe zazikuluzikulu za aluminiyamu ndizosiyana. Amakonda makutidwe ndi okosijeni panthawi yoyika chifukwa cha mankhwala a aluminiyamu. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kukwapula, katundu wa aluminiyumu omwe angayambitse kulephera mosavuta.
Chifukwa chake, zingwe zazikuluzikulu za aluminiyamu ndizotsika mtengo. Koma, pofuna chitetezo ndi ntchito yokhazikika, gwiritsani ntchito zingwe zamkuwa zamkuwa mumapulojekiti a photovoltaic.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-22-2024