Kutsogolera Mlandu: Kusunga Magetsi Kusungirako Mafuta AMBUYE

Mwachidule za chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale osungira mphamvu.

1. Kuyambitsa kwa ukadaulo wosungira mphamvu.

Kusunga mphamvu ndikosunga mphamvu. Amanena za matekinoloje omwe amasintha mawonekedwe amodzi kukhala mawonekedwe okhazikika ndikusunga. Kenako amazimasulira mawonekedwe enieni pakafunika kutero. Mfundo zophatikizika zosiyanasiyana zimawalepheretsa mitundu itatu: makina, electromagnetic, ndi electrochemical. Mtundu uliwonse wosungira mphamvu uli ndi mphamvu zake, mikhalidwe, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito.

Zili ndi maubwino. Izi zimaphatikizapo zochepa kuchokera ku geography. Alinso ndi nthawi yochepa yomanga ndi mphamvu zambiri zamagetsi. Zotsatira zake, kusungirako mphamvu kwa mphamvu kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala. Imagwira ntchito munthawi zambiri zosungira. Ndi ukadaulo wosunga mphamvu. Ili ndi maluso ambiri komanso kuthekera kwakukulu. Akuluakulu ndi mabatire a lithiamu-ion. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika kuchokera kwa mphindi mpaka maola.

2. Kusunga kwa Energy Production

Kusunga mphamvu kuli ndi kuchuluka kwa zochitika zamagetsi mu mphamvu. Kusungirako mphamvu 3 kugwiritsa ntchito: Mbadwo Wamphamvu, gululi, ndi ogwiritsa ntchito. Ali:

Mbadwo watsopano wamphamvu ndi wosiyana ndi mitundu yachikhalidwe. Zimakhudzidwa ndi zochitika zachilengedwe. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuwala ndi kutentha. Kutulutsa kwamphamvu kumasiyanasiyana nthawi ndi tsiku. Kusintha mphamvu yofunafuna. Ndi gwero losakhazikika. Pamene mphamvu kapena zigawo za m'malire zimafika pamlingo winawake. Idzakhudzanso kukhazikika kwa Grid. Kuti mphamvu yamagetsi ikhale yotetezeka komanso yokhazikika, mphamvu yatsopanoyi imagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosungira mphamvu. Adzalumikizananso ndi gulu lankhondo kuti asathetse magetsi. Izi zimachepetsa mphamvu ya mphamvu yatsopano. Izi zimaphatikizapo Photovovoltaic ndi Mphamvu ya mphepo. Ali ndi kamodzi komanso wosasunthika. Lidzathetsanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamavuto, monga mphepo ndi kusiyidwa kopepuka.

Makina omanga thupi ndi zomangamanga amatsatira njira yayikulu kwambiri. Amachita izi mbali ya gululi. Umu ndi momwe zilili pomanga gridi yatsopano kapena kuwonjezera mphamvu. Zipangizozo ziyenera kuganizira kuchuluka kwakukulu. Izi zimabweretsa ndalama zambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zochepa. Kukwera kwa grid-chapambali kumatha kuphwanya njira yoyambirira yoyambira. Mukamapanga chida chatsopano kapena kufalitsa wakale, zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa grid. Zimalimbikitsanso kukulitsa zida. Izi zimapulumutsa pa ndalama zolipirira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri. Kusungirako mphamvu kumagwiritsa ntchito zotengera ngati chonyamulira chachikulu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mbadwo wamagetsi ndi grid mbali. Zimakhala makamaka pazogwiritsa ntchito ndi mphamvu yoposa 30kW. Amafunikira kuchuluka kwazinthu zambiri.

Makina atsopano a ogwiritsa ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kupanga ndi kusunga mphamvu. Izi zimadula magetsi pamagetsi ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zosungira kukhazikika kwa mphamvu. Nthawi yomweyo, ogwiritsa ntchito amathanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosungira zamphamvu kuti mitengo yamagetsi ikakhala yotsika. Izi zimawalola kuti azidula kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi oyendetsa ndege pomwe mitengo ndiyokwera. Amatha kugulitsanso magetsi kuchokera ku kachitidwe kosungira kuti apange ndalama kuchokera ku mitengo yopepuka ndi chigwa. Kusungidwa kwamphamvu kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kumagwiritsa ntchito makabati ngati chonyamula chachikulu. Imagwirira ntchito magwiridwe antchito mafakitale a mafakitale ndi malonda ndikugawa PhotoValtaic. Izi zili mu 1kW ku 10kW Mphamvu. Kuthekera kwazogulitsa.

3.

Njira yosungirako ya "Great-Gridi-Grid-Chuma ndi njira yogwirira ntchito. Zimaphatikizaponso yankho la "gwero lamphamvu, gulu lamphamvu, ndi mphamvu yosungira mphamvu". Itha kukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu bwino komanso chitetezo chambiri. Zimatha kuwonetsa zovuta ngati kulowerera kwa gridi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zoyera. M'dongosolo lino, gwero ndi othandizira mphamvu. Mulinso mphamvu zosinthika, monga dzuwa, mphepo, ndi phonaropapsi. Zimaphatikizanso mphamvu zachikhalidwe, monga malasha, mafuta, ndi mpweya wachilengedwe. Gridi ndiye intaneti yotumiza mphamvu. Zimaphatikizapo mizere yofananira ndi zida zamagetsi. Katundu ndi wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Zimaphatikizapo anthu okhala, mabizinesi, ndi malo aboma. Kusunga ndi ukadaulo wosungira mphamvu. Zimaphatikizapo zida zosungira ndi ukadaulo.

Mu magetsi akale, mphamvu zamafuta zamafuta ndi gwero lamphamvu. Nyumba ndi mafakitale ndi katundu. Awiriwo ndi osiyana. Chida champhamvu chimalumikizana. Imagwiritsa ntchito njira yayikulu yolamulira. Ndi njira yeniyeni yoyendayenda komwe mphamvu imathandizira katundu.

Pansi pa "neue leisisystem", kachitidweko kanawonjezera zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhalepo zamagalimoto atsopano ngati "katundu" kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Izi zachulukitsa kwambiri pazamagetsi. Njira zatsopano zamagetsi, monga Photovovoltaics, zalola ogwiritsa ntchito kukhala "mphamvu yolamulira." Komanso, magalimoto atsopano amagetsi amafunika kungobwezera. Ndipo, m'badwo watsopano wamphamvu ndi wosakhazikika. Chifukwa chake, ogwiritsa ntchito amafunikira "Kusungira mphamvu mphamvu" kuti athetse mphamvu m'badwo wa mphamvu ndikugwiritsa ntchito pa gululi. Izi zithandizanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za Peak ndi Kusungira mphamvu zosunga mphamvu.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano kumathandizanso. Ogwiritsa ntchito tsopano akufuna kumanga microgridid ​​yam'deralo. Izi zimalumikiza "mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi" (kuwala), "Kusungira mphamvu yosungirako" (yosungira), ndi "katundu" (kulipira). Amagwiritsa ntchito moyenera komanso tech kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri. Amasiya ogwiritsa ntchito amapanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano kwanuko. Amalumikizanso ndi mphamvu yayikulu yotchedwa Grid m'njira ziwiri. Izi zimachepetsa mphamvu zawo pa gululi ndipo limathandizira kuti muzitha. Kusunga kwa Microgerid ndi mphamvu yosungirako ndi "Photovoltaic yosungirako ndi kubwezeretsa". Amaphatikizidwa. Uku ndikugwiritsa ntchito kofunikira kwa "gwero la Grid Grid Posungira".

二. Kuyembekezera ntchito ndi njira yosungirako mphamvu yosungira mphamvu

Lipoti la Conasa likuti kumapeto kwa 2023, kuchuluka kwa ntchito zosungirako mphamvu zosungirako zidalipo 289.20gw. Uwu ndi 21.92% kuchokera 237.20gw kumapeto kwa 2022. Mphamvu zokhazikitsidwa ndi mphamvu zatsopano zosungidwa 91.33.33gw. Uku ndi kuchuluka kwa 99.62% kuchokera chaka chatha.

Pakutha kwa 2023, kuthekera kwathunthu kwa ntchito zosungirako mphamvu ku China kunafika 86.50gw. Unali 44.65% kuchokera pa 59.80gw kumapeto kwa 2022. Tsopano amapanga 29.91% ya Kutha Kwapadziko Lonse, Kupitilira 4.70% Kuyambira 2022. Imagwiritsa ntchito 59.40%. Kukula kwa msika kumabwera makamaka chifukwa chosungira mphamvu zatsopano. Izi zimaphatikizapo mabatire a lirium-ion, mabatire otsogolera acid, komanso mpweya. Ali ndi mphamvu yonse ya 34.51gw. Ili ndi kuchuluka kwa 163.93% kuchokera chaka chatha. Mu 2023, kusungidwa kwatsopano kwa China kukuwonjezeka ndi 21.44gw, kuchuluka kwa chaka cha 191.77%. Kusungidwa kwatsopano kwa mphamvu zambiri kumaphatikizapo mabatire a lithiamu ndi mpweya. Onsewa ali ndi ntchito mazana ambiri olumikizidwa, megawatt-mulingo.

Poona kulinganiza ndi kupanga mapulojekiti atsopano osungirako mphamvu, posungira ku China yatsopano yakhala yayikulu. Mu 2022, pali ntchito 1,799. Amakonzedwa, ndikumanga, kapena kugwira ntchito. Ali ndi vuto la pafupifupi 104.50gw. Ntchito zambiri zosungira mphamvu zatsopano za mphamvu zogwirira ntchito ndizochepa komanso zapakatikati. Ma sikelo awo amaposa 10mw. Amapanga pafupifupi 61.98% yonse. Ntchito zosungirako za mphamvu zakukonzekera komanso zomwe zimamangidwa ndizokulira kwambiri. Ndi 10mw ndi pamwambapa. Amapanga 75.73% yonse. Zoposa 402 100-megawatt zili mu ntchito. Amakhala ndi maziko ndi zochitika kuti asunge mphamvu za mphamvu zamagetsi.