I. Chiyambi
Kukankhira kwapadziko lonse ku zolinga za "dual carbon" - kusalowerera ndale komanso kutulutsa mpweya wapamwamba kwambiri - kwathandizira kusintha kwa mphamvu, ndipo mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso zili pachimake. Pakati pa njira zatsopano, chitsanzo cha "Photovoltaic + Highway" chikuwoneka ngati njira yodalirika yoyendetsera zobiriwira. Pokhala ndi malo opanda ntchito m’misewu ikuluikulu, monga madenga a nyumba zochitiramo ntchito, mazenera a totoll, malo otsetsereka, ndi ma tunnel olekanitsidwa ndi tunnel, makina a photovoltaic (PV) amasintha maderawa kukhala “mitsempha yamagetsi.” Kuyika uku sikungotulutsa mphamvu zoyera komanso kumagwirizana ndi chitukuko chokhazikika cha zomangamanga. Komabe, mikhalidwe yapadera ya misewu ikuluikulu—kunjenjemera, nyengo yoipa, ndi kuchulukana kwa magalimoto—kumabweretsa mavuto ovuta achitetezo amene amafuna chisamaliro mwamsanga. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe zingwe zapamwamba za photovoltaic zingathetsere mavutowa, kuonetsetsa chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa machitidwe a PV a misewu.
II. Zovuta Zachitetezo cha Core mu Highway PV Systems
Kuyika kwa Highway PV kumakumana ndi zoopsa zapadera chifukwa cha malo omwe amagwirira ntchito, zomwe zili ndi zovuta zazikulu zitatu zachitetezo:
DC High-Voltge Fire Hazard
Pa 50% ya moto wokhudzana ndi photovoltaic umayambitsidwa ndi ma arcs amakono (DC), malinga ndi deta yamakampani. M'misewu yayikulu, chiopsezo chimakulitsidwa. Ngozi zapamsewu, monga kugunda ndi ma module a PV pamalo otsetsereka kapena madera odzipatula, zimatha kuwononga zida, kuwonetsa ma elekitirodi ndikuyambitsa ma arcs amagetsi. Ma arcs awa, omwe nthawi zambiri amapitilira madigiri zikwizikwi, amatha kuyatsa zida zozungulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti moto ufalikire mwachangu. Kuyandikira kwa magalimoto oyenda ndi zomera zoyaka moto za m'mphepete mwa msewu zimakulitsa kuthekera kwa zotsatirapo zoopsa.
Kulepheretsa Kuyankha Mwadzidzidzi
Makina achikhalidwe a PV nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda njira zotsekera mwachangu mabwalo amagetsi a DC. Pakayaka moto, zida zamagetsi zomwe zimakhalapo zimakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chamagetsi kwa ozimitsa moto, kuchedwa kuyankha nthawi. M'misewu ikuluikulu, kumene kuchitapo kanthu pa nthawi yake n'kofunika kwambiri pofuna kupewa kusokonezeka kwa magalimoto ndi ngozi zina, kuchedwa kumeneku kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa katundu, kupanga magetsi, ngakhale miyoyo ya anthu.
Kuzindikira Zolakwa ndi Kusamalira Zovuta
Ma Highway PV array nthawi zambiri amayenda makilomita, zomwe zimapangitsa kuzindikira zolakwika kukhala kovuta. Kudziwa malo enieni a arc yamagetsi kapena mzere wotsekedwa kumafuna kufufuza kwakukulu pamanja, komwe kumawononga nthawi komanso ndalama zambiri. Kuchedwa kumeneku kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa magetsi kwanthawi yayitali komanso kuwononga ndalama zambiri zogwirira ntchito, zomwe zimalepheretsa ntchito zachuma zamapulojekiti a PV.
III. Udindo wa Zingwe za Photovoltaic Pakupititsa patsogolo Chitetezo
Zingwe za Photovoltaic ndizo msana wa machitidwe a PV, ndipo mapangidwe ake ndi ntchito zake ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti muchepetse zoopsa zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa. Mayankho a chingwe chapamwamba amatha kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo cha kukhazikitsa kwa PV mumsewu waukulu kudzera m'njira izi:
Mapangidwe Apamwamba Amakono Opewera Moto
Zingwe zamakono za PV zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zosagwira moto, zosagwira kutentha kwambiri kuti zisawonongeke m'misewu yayikulu. Kutsekereza kowonjezera kumalepheretsa mapangidwe a arc ngakhale atapanikizika ndi makina, monga kugwedezeka kwa magalimoto ochuluka kapena kuwonongeka kwa zinyalala. Kuphatikiza apo, mapangidwe a zingwe osagwira ntchito amatsimikizira kulimba pakagundana mwangozi, kuchepetsa mwayi wa maelekitirodi owonekera ndi moto wotsatira.
Kuphatikiza ndi Rapid Shutdown Systems
Kuti athane ndi zovuta zoyankha mwadzidzidzi, zingwe zanzeru za PV zitha kuphatikizana ndi matekinoloje otseka mwachangu. Zingwezi zimakhala ndi masensa ophatikizika omwe amawunika magawo amagetsi munthawi yeniyeni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma frequency a DC azidzimitsa nthawi yamavuto kapena mwadzidzidzi. Kuthekera kumeneku kumachotsa zoopsa zamphamvu kwambiri, zomwe zimalola ozimitsa moto kuti alowererepo mosamala komanso mwachangu. Kugwirizana ndi zida zotsekera mwachangu zamakampani kumawonjezera kudalirika kwadongosolo.
Kuzindikira Zolakwa ndi Localization Technologies
Zingwe zanzeru za PV zokhala ndi intaneti ya Zinthu (IoT) zimatha kusintha kuzindikira zolakwika. Zingwezi zimakhala ndi masensa omwe amazindikira zolakwika, monga ma arcs kapena kutsika kwamagetsi, ndikutumiza deta kumakina owunikira apakati. Potchula malo omwe ali ndi zolakwika molondola kwambiri, amathetsa kufunika kofufuza zambiri pamanja. Izi zimachepetsa ndalama zokonzetsera, zimachepetsa nthawi yocheperako, ndikuwonetsetsa kupangidwa kwamagetsi kosasintha.
IV. Mayankho aukadaulo ndi Othandiza
Kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino zingwe za PV pachitetezo, njira zingapo zaukadaulo ndi zothandiza ndizofunikira:
Zakuthupi Zatsopano
Zingwe za Highway PV ziyenera kupirira mikhalidwe yoipitsitsa, kuphatikiza kuwonekera kwa ultraviolet (UV), kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, ndi kupsinjika kwakuthupi. Zingwe zokhala ndi ma polima olimba kwambiri komanso zokutira zosachita dzimbiri ndizoyenera malowa. Mapangidwe oletsa kugwedezeka amapangitsanso moyo wautali, kuwonetsetsa kuti zingwe zizikhalabe zolimba ngakhale kumangogwedezeka kosalekeza.
Kuphatikiza System
Kuphatikiza zingwe za PV ndi ukadaulo wa gridi wanzeru zimalola kuwongolera chitetezo munthawi yeniyeni. Mwachitsanzo, kuphatikiza masensa a chingwe ndi makina oyang'anira misewu yayikulu kumapanga maukonde ogwirizana omwe amazindikira ndikuyankha mafunso mwachangu. Synergy iyi imathandizira kudalirika kwadongosolo lonse komanso magwiridwe antchito.
Standardization ndi Compliance
Kutengera miyezo yapadziko lonse yachitetezo, monga yokhazikitsidwa ndi International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), imawonetsetsa kuti zingwe za PV zikukwaniritsa zofunikira zachitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito. Kuyesedwa nthawi zonse ndi ziphaso pansi pazovuta zapamsewu - monga kugwedezeka, kukhudzidwa, ndi kuwonekera kwa nyengo - zimatsimikizira kudalirika kwanthawi yayitali.
V. Maphunziro a Nkhani ndi Njira Zabwino Kwambiri
Ntchito zingapo zapamsewu wa PV padziko lonse lapansi zimapereka maphunziro ofunikira. Mwachitsanzo, polojekiti ina ku Netherlands inaika mapanelo a PV m’mbali mwa zotchinga mawu a m’misewu ikuluikulu, pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zosagwira moto zokhala ndi masensa ophatikizika. Pulojekitiyi idanenanso za kutsika kwa 30% kwa ndalama zokonzetsera chifukwa chodziwikiratu zolakwika. Mosiyana ndi izi, zomwe zidachitika ku China mu 2023 zidawonetsa kuwopsa kwa zingwe zosakhazikika, pomwe moto woyambitsidwa ndi arc mumsewu waukulu wa PV udadzetsa kutsika kwakukulu. Njira zabwino kwambiri zimaphatikizapo kusankha zingwe zovomerezeka, kuyang'anira pafupipafupi, ndikuphatikiza njira zozimitsa mwachangu kuti chitetezo chitetezeke.
VI. Njira Zamtsogolo
Tsogolo la chitetezo chamsewu waukulu wa PV lili muukadaulo womwe ukubwera komanso mayankho owopsa. Artificial intelligence (AI)-yoyendetsedwa ndi kulosera yolosera imatha kusanthula zidziwitso zama chingwe kuti zitsimikizire zolakwika zisanachitike. Ma modular PV chingwe makina, opangidwa kuti aziyika mosavuta ndikuwongolera, amatha kutengera masanjidwe osiyanasiyana amisewu yayikulu. Kuonjezera apo, ndondomeko za ndondomeko ziyenera kulimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa zingwe zapamwamba ndi matekinoloje achitetezo, kuwonetsetsa kuti mapulojekiti a PV mumsewu waukulu akugwirizana ndi zolinga zachitetezo ndi kukhazikika.
VII. Mapeto
Machitidwe a Highway PV akuyimira mwayi wosintha kuti aphatikizire mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso muzomangamanga zamayendedwe. Komabe, zovuta zawo zapadera zachitetezo-zowopsa zamoto za DC, zolepheretsa kuchitapo kanthu mwadzidzidzi, ndi zovuta kuzindikira zolakwika-zimafuna njira zatsopano zothetsera. Zingwe zotsogola za photovoltaic, zokhala ndi zinthu monga zinthu zoletsa moto, kuphatikiza kutsekeka kofulumira, ndi kuzindikira zolakwika zomwe zimathandizidwa ndi IoT, ndizofunikira kuti pakhale chitetezo cholimba. Poika patsogolo matekinolojewa, ogwira nawo ntchito angathe kuonetsetsa kuti mapulojekiti a PV a pamsewu ndi otetezeka komanso osasunthika, ndikutsegulira njira ya tsogolo lobiriwira pamayendedwe. Kugwirizana pakati pa opanga mfundo, mainjiniya, ndi atsogoleri amakampani ndikofunikira kuti pakhale luso komanso kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zikubwera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-20-2025