Kufunika kwa Zida Zamagetsi Apamwamba Pamagalimoto Amagetsi

1. Mawu Oyamba

Magalimoto amagetsi (EVs) akusintha momwe timayendera, kupereka njira yoyeretsera komanso yothandiza kwambiri kuposa magalimoto achikhalidwe oyendera gasi. Koma kuseri kwa kuthamangitsa komanso kugwira ntchito mwakachetechete kwa EV kuli chinthu chofunikira chomwe nthawi zambiri sichimazindikirika—mawaya amphamvu kwambiri. Mawayawa ali ndi udindo wotumiza mphamvu pakati pa batri, mota, ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi, zomwe zimagwira ntchito ngatinjira yamoyoya dongosolo la mphamvu ya galimoto.

Pamene ma EV akuchulukirachulukira, zofuna zamawaya othamanga kwambiri zikuchulukirachulukira. Chitetezo, kuchita bwino, komanso kulimba ndizofunikira kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kusankha zinthu kukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Ndiye, ndi zida ziti zomwe zili zoyenera kwambiri pa mawaya apamwamba a EV? Tiyeni tiphwanye.

2. Mitundu ya Zida Zopangira Mawaya Apamwamba-Voltage

Kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito yotetezeka komanso yogwira ntchito bwino, mawaya apamwamba kwambiri ayenera kukhalazotetezedwaokhala ndi zida zapamwamba zomwe zimatha kupirira kutentha, kupsinjika kwamagetsi, komanso zovuta zachilengedwe. Nazi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mawaya a EV high-voltage:

2.1. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

PVC idagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yayitali chifukwa cha mawonekedwe akemtengo wotsika komanso katundu wamakina wabwino. Ndi yosavuta pokonza ndipo amapereka ulemu durability. Komabe, PVC ili ndi zovuta zina:

• Lili ndi chlorine, yomwe imapangitsa kuti ikhale yovulaza chilengedwe komanso thanzi la anthu.
• Zili ndi kukana kutentha kosauka, zomwe zingayambitse kuwonongeka pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu.
• Amakonda kuuma komanso kusweka pakapita nthawi, makamaka m'malo ovuta kwambiri.

Chifukwa cha izi, opanga ambiri akuchoka ku PVC m'malo mwa zida zapamwamba kwambiri.

2.2. Cross-Linked Polyolefin (XLPO)

XLPO ndi imodzi mwazosankha zapamwamba zamawaya a EV okwera kwambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake:

• Kulimbana ndi kutentha kwapamwamba:Ikhoza kupirira kutentha kwakukulu popanda kunyozeka.
• Mphamvu zamakina zabwino kwambiri:Zosagwirizana ndi kupindika, kutambasula, ndi kukhudza.
• Kukhalitsa:Kutalika kwa moyo chifukwa cha kukana kukalamba ndi kuvala.
• Kukhazikika kwa Chemical:Imalimbana ndi dzimbiri komanso malo ovuta.

Drawback imodzi ndi yakeofooka kukana lawi, koma XLPO yopanda halogen yoletsa moto imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuthana ndi vutoli. Chifukwa chakuchita kwake mwamphamvu, XLPO tsopano ndi chisankho choyambirira cha mawaya a EV apamwamba kwambiri.

2.3. Thermoplastic Elastomer (TPE)

TPE ndi chinthu chosinthika komanso chosavuta kukonza chomwe chimaphatikiza zinthu za mphira ndi pulasitiki. Imapereka:

• Elasticity yabwinopa kutentha kwabwino.
• Kusinthasintha, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kuumba mawaya osiyanasiyana.

Komabe, ili ndi zofooka zina:

• Kukana kuvala kwapansipoyerekeza ndi XLPO.
• Kuchita kocheperako kotentha kwambiri, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yocheperako pamapangidwe a EV.

Chifukwa cha izi, TPE si njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira ma waya okwera kwambiri koma imagwiritsidwabe ntchito pazinthu zina.

3. Miyezo ya EV High-Voltage Waya

Kuonetsetsa chitetezo ndi kudalirika, mawaya apamwamba kwambiri mu ma EV ayenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yolimba yamakampani. Nazi zina mwazofunikira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi:

Miyezo Yapadziko Lonse:

• Miyezo ya IEC: Kuphimba zinthu zamagetsi, makina, ndi kutentha.
• Miyezo ya ISO:
  • ISO 19642: Imayang'ana kwambiri zingwe zamagalimoto apamsewu.
  • Mtengo wa ISO 6722: Imaphimba zingwe zotsika mphamvu koma nthawi zina imatchulidwa muzogwiritsa ntchito za EV.

Miyezo Yadziko Lachi China:

• Mtengo wa QC/T 1037: Imayang'anira zingwe zothamanga kwambiri zamagalimoto amagetsi atsopano.
• Mtengo wa CQC 1122: Imayang'ana pa zingwe zopangira ma EV.

Zitsimikizo Zina:

• Mtengo wa LV216: Muyezo wamagalimoto aku Germany.
• DEKRA K179: Kuyesa kukana moto ndi chitetezo chamoto.

4. Zofunikira Zofunika Kuchita

Zingwe zamphamvu kwambiri ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunika zingapo kuti zitsimikizire kuti zimagwira ntchito motetezeka komanso modalirika mu ma EV. Tiyeni tiwone zinthu zazikulu zogwirira ntchito:

4.1. Magwiridwe Amagetsi

• Imagwira ma voltage okwera komanso magetsi akulu: Makina othamanga kwambiri a EV nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito400V mpaka 800V, kufuna zingwe ndizabwino kwambiri zotsekera.
• Amaletsa kutha kwa magetsi: Kusatsekeka bwino kungayambitsekutaya mphamvu kapena mabwalo afupiafupi oopsa.
• Imalimbana ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu: Pamene mphamvu ya batri ya EV ikuwonjezeka, zingwe ziyenera kukana kuwonongeka kwa magetsi.

4.2. Magwiridwe Athupi

• Kukaniza Kutentha: Nthawikuthamangitsa mwachangu kapena kuyendetsa mwachangu, zingwe ziyenera kupirira kutentha kwambiri popanda kusungunuka kapena kunyozeka.
• Kukaniza Kozizira: inuKuzizira kozizira, kutchinjiriza kuyenera kukhala kosinthika komanso kosatha.
• Kusinthasintha: Zingwe ayenera kupinda ndi njira mosavuta pa kukhazikitsa ndi ntchito.
• Mphamvu zamakina: Mawaya ayenera kupirirakugwedezeka, kukhudza, ndi kutambasulapopanda kusweka kapena kutaya ntchito.

4.3. Chemical Magwiridwe

• Kukaniza Mafuta ndi Madzi: Ayenera kupirira kukhudzana ndimafuta, ma electrolyte a batri, ndi madzi ena amagalimoto.
• Kukaniza kwa Corrosion: Amateteza ku kuwonongeka kwamankhwala ndi zovuta zachilengedwe.

5. Zochitika Zamtsogolo ndi Zatsopano

Kukula kwam'badwo wotsatirazipangizo zamawaya apamwamba kwambiri ndi njira yopitilira. Izi ndi zomwe m'tsogolomu muli nazo:

• Kukwera kwapakali pano kunyamula: Mongamphamvu ya batri imakwera, zingwe ziyenera kuthandizirangakhale milingo yamphamvu kwambiri.
• Kukana kutentha kwabwino: Zida zatsopano zidzaterogwirani kutentha kwambiribwino kuposa XLPO yamasiku ano.
• Kukhazikika: Makampani akupita patsogolozipangizo zachilengedwezomwe zimachepetsa kuipitsa komanso kupititsa patsogolo kukonzanso.
• Kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo chamoto: Kupanga kwatsopano kwa insulation kudzaperekabwino kukana motopopanda mankhwala oopsa.
• Zopanga zapamwamba: Zosintha muextrusion ndi processing njiraidzakulitsa magwiridwe antchito a chingwe pomwe imachepetsa ndalama zopangira.

Mapeto

Zingwe zamphamvu kwambiri ndizofunikira koma nthawi zambiri zimanyalanyazidwa pagalimoto yamagetsi. Kusankha zinthu zotsekera bwino kumatsimikizirachitetezo, mphamvu, ndi kulimba, zomwe zimathandizira kudalirika kwathunthu kwa ma EV. Pamene luso lamakono likupita patsogolo, tingayembekezerezida zabwinokozomwe zimawonjezera magwiridwe antchito munthawi yakezokhazikika. Tsogolo la mawaya a EV ndi lowala, ndipo kusinthika kosalekeza kumathandizira kuyendetsa bizinesi patsogolo!

KupambanaZamagetsi zamawaya amagetsi okwera kwambiri zimaphimba kutentha kosiyanasiyana kuyambira 105 ℃ mpaka 150 ℃. Muzogwiritsira ntchito, zimasonyeza kukana kutentha kwambiri, kutsekemera kwa magetsi, chitetezo chapamwamba cha chilengedwe ndi katundu wamakina, kupereka zitsimikizo zodalirika zamagalimoto okhazikika. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndi ubwino wochita bwino kwambiri, amathetsa bwino zofooka za machitidwe azinthu zachikhalidwe m'madera ovuta, kupereka chithandizo champhamvu cha chitetezo cha magalimoto amagetsi pansi pamikhalidwe yapadera yogwirira ntchito.